Weve been over this ALOT at WPW! Neither you or me can answer these questions with 100% confidence:
Are you sure? If I would agree, who can answer then? Rand? If not, who else?
Take a deep breath and read my current position on all this.
1. Does the blocking of pages in robots.txt stop the page building pagerank? (forget about external links)
Matt if a page is not indexed by Google, or the page have a meta robots or robots.txt directive "noindex", the page can not build PR. If internal or external links point to a page being blocked from being indexed, it will pass the PR to the pages the page links to, and Google is allowed to index.
2. Does adding bot=nocrawl to the url (and then adding "Disallow: *bot=nocrawl" to your robots.txt) really mean google doesnt CRAWL the page and does not crawling mean not assigning pagerank?
Adding the bots=nocrawl means that Googlebot cannot crawl, as long they still obey to robots.txt standards.

The pages you disallow Googlebot to crawl still can receive PR, but only from other pages linking to it.
All your methods for blocking pages without using nofollow will work fine and are based on recommendations from people like matt c but there are only 2 directives which google have said will control the flow of pagerank - nofollow and the new canonical tag.
Forgive me for my arrogance, but I do not really care what Matt Cutts says, because I have the same opinion with Deepsand at WPW:
"As I'd earlier/elsewhere mentioned, Cutts plays fast & loose with the language; his statements are, as often as not, imprecise and/or self-contradictory. Whether this is by design or nature remains unknown."
In either case, his statements cannot be taken at face value or in isolation to be a complete and accurate representation of the relevant whole.
As I said I am not a Matt Cutts fan or blind believer. I am contentiously running tests/experiments, and I share a part of those only, which I think it is clear why.

With your method you just dont know as you dont know how links which are blocked with robots.txt are treating in pagerank calculations.
Nonsense. If you have page which was never and is still not indexed by Google, it does not exist for Google. Therefore no PageRank. If you have a link to such a page your disallowed Google to access, it could be if their paper is still valid, the PR assigned to that link will shared with all pages in the entire index.
Then you will say the nofollow is better, since the link will be invisible to google. Google reserves the right to pass PR if they think it will make sense. Another issue is that all 3 SE treat the "nofollow" attribute differently. Also you will probably have pages which must not be followed by Google, but that they should be followed by Yahoo, because they can help you boost your site relevancy, rankings, or whatever.
Being one step further in my research, came up with some new stuff. I avoid where possible using the bots=nocrawl thingy too. I prefer to use the meta robots directive "noindex" (not nofollow) for pages I link to and which I do not want it be indexed or have PR, I make sure that the page has at least one outgoing link to a page where I want to pass the PR. And this way I do create any dead end pages (dangling pages)
Example:
Page A links to Page B. Page B has the meta robots directive noindex. On Page B I have a link to Page C. If I want to Page A. Doesn't matter. You might would say, then you are creating a loop. That is not the case. If that was the case, think about a site navigation linking structure.
So what is the result of the above is that you do not leak any PR if you have A > B > A.
If you have A > B > C, the link PR on page A will pass it to page C. Again no loss.
If there are some other minor stuff in Googles PageRank algorithm we don't know, I think are irrelevant or need to care about.
That is all I can tell so far. I hope I explained it well enough.
If you dont know for 100% then why not use nofollow - which you do know controls the flow of pagerank?
As I explained above, you do not control the PageRank 100% in some cases, since we don't have the present paper.